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Youth policy & research
In this section you will find an overview of the current situation in youth policy at European level as well as a set of links to sources of further information on youth policy and youth research in a European context.



  • Youth policy in action
    Youth policy in Europe took a major step forward with the publication of the White paper: “A New Impetus to European Youth” in November 2001. The White Paper identifies four main themes:
    • young people's participation in the exercise of active citizenship
    • enhancing the information addressed to young people and existing information services for young people
    • promoting voluntary activities among young people.
    • encouraging greater understanding and knowledge of youth.
    The following table indicates the main stages in youth policy development since 2001, which affect information for young people:

    For those interested in the development of youth policy at EU level, detailed information on all these areas and the political follow up to the white paper is available on the Commission’s web site. However, the information presented here on EU youth policy will concentrate more on the practical impact of EU youth policy for young people and those working with them.

    More important than this time table for development is the approach taken by the Commission to consult widely with young people about these policy developments. Young people have said very clearly that they wish their views to be taken into account. The Commission has consulted widely on policy issues since 2000, has specifically used the European Youth weeks for 2005, 2007 and 2008 to listen to the views of young people. In 2007, the European Commission has put in place the Structured Dialogue with young people to address this issue of giving young people the opportunity to express their views, and in 2008 invited young people to express their views on the future challenges facing Europe in the next 10 years.

    It is clear that young people are on the political agenda in Europe and a key aspect of this is that the European Commission wants to hear the views of young people. This is important for young people and youth multipliers to know this since EU policy making seems so far away from the everyday life of a young person. In the near future, Eurodesk will be placing more emphasis on how youth multipliers can work to engage young people with the policy process and the communication of young people’s views to the European institutions.

    Many European opportunities for young people exist as a direct result of EU youth policies and the Commission youth programmes which arise from them - for example: funding and support for youth exchanges, ERASMUS placements, volunteering opportunities, etc. … but this is not necessarily understood by those participating in the opportunities. Eurodesk sees it as part of its information work to help the youth field understand this link and subsequently give their views to inform future developments. This approach to understanding the practical aspects of youth policy is in line with Eurodesk’s “… so you think you know it all” (SYTYKIA) initiative, which is a European awareness tool for youth multipliers.

    The Commission’s approach necessarily addresses the formal representational channels for young people, i.e. the national youth councils and the European Youth Forum, whereas Eurodesk’s approach aims to add value to this process, by facilitating young people, who are not already politically engaged, to express their views into this consultation process.



  • Youth research in Europe
    "One of the aims of the White Paper is to improve public awareness of young people's concerns. It identifies a "Greater Understanding of Youth" and the realities, which concern young people at European level, as one of the four priority themes for European co-operation in the field of youth policy."

    In the fourth questionnaire that was sent out to all the national governments of the EU Member States, New Member States as well as the candidate countries, "stock will be taken of what kind of networks, structures, studies and research on youth exist in the European Union.

    Gaining a greater understanding and knowledge of youth requires information and interpretation on youth, data, statistics, surveys, studies and research, and covers all domains with relevance to youth policy." Source: Cover letter of the Questionnaire on "Greater Understanding for Youth".

    http://www.youth-partnership.net/youth-partnership/ekcyp/BGKNGE/Better_Understanding
    http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/doc40_en.htm


  • Links for further reading
    Activities of the European Commission - Summaries of legislation on Youth
    http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s19003.htm

    The concept of "youth" in European countries
    In European countries due to historical tradition in the youth policy area, there is a wide variety in the target groups of governmental youth structures and policies. Some countries consider youth to range from 0 to 25 years of age, while others take 13 to 25/30 as their age range.
    http://www.infoyouth.org/UDIP/GB/GB_2_0_org_gouv.htm

    Country Information on Youth Policy - knowledge on national youth policy of participating member states.
    http://www.youth-partnership.net/youth-partnership/ekcyp/countryinformation.html

    Council of Europe - The Directorate of Youth and Sport
    The Directorate of Youth and Sport elaborates guidelines, programmes and legal instruments for the development of coherent and effective youth policies at local, national and European levels. It provides funding and educational support for international youth activities aiming at the promotion of youth citizenship, youth mobility and the value of human rights, democracy and cultural pluralism. It seeks to bring together and disseminate expertise and knowledge about the life situations, aspirations and ways of expression of young Europeans.
    http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/youth/default_en.asp

    European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research
    Research Area - Childhood, Youth & Families
    http://www.euro.centre.org/research_area.php?ra_id=2&ra_name=Childhood%2C+Youth+%26+Families

    European Knowledge Centre for Youth Policy (EKCYP)
    It aims to provide the youth field with a single entry point to access knowledge and information on the realities of youth across Europe. It was developed within the framework of the Youth Research Partnership between the Council of Europe and the European Commission. The EKCYP is a tool for the implementation of the White Paper on Youth and in particular the European Commission common objectives on a Better Understanding of Youth and the Council of Europe monitoring of youth policy. It aims to promote evidence based policy making and practice and to enhance the exchange of information and dialogue across the youth field.
    http://www.youth-partnership.net/youth-partnership/ekcyp/index

    European Commission - Youth
    http://ec.europa.eu/youth/index_en.html

    European Research Network
    The Research and Documentation Unit of the Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe supports and co-ordination of independent European youth research as an integral part of international activities in the youth sector. On this website you can find information on Seminars & Expert Meetings, Research Papers from all over Europe, Research Links and a Databases on youth issues.
    http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Youth/2._Priorities/policy.asp

    European Youth Directory
    This website offers an overview of Governmental youth structures and policies in Europe.
    http://www.infoyouth.org/UDIP/index.htm

    European Youth Forum
    It is the political platform of youth organisations towards the European Union and aims to promote the interests of young people and their organisations. http://www.youthforum.org
    The EYF has published the Evaluation Study of Open Method of Coordination in the youth field:
    http://www.youthforum.org/Downloads/Press_publications/reports/OMC_final.pdf

    Forum 21 - European Journal on Youth Policy
    The European Journal on Youth Policy is a European information and communication project carried out by IJAB, Germany, INJEP, France and the NYA, United Kingdom. The purpose of this specialist publication, with a distinctive profile of a broad European dimension of youth policy, is to bring national youth policies closer together and keep the ongoing European dialogue about the key problems of national youth policies on a solid, high-level foundation in terms of content, expertise and politics.
    http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/youth/Resources/Forum_21/forum_en.asp

    International Association for National Youth Service
    http://www.acys.utas.edu.au/ianys/index.html

    International Youth Council on National Youth Policies
    http://www.icnyp.net/

    Joint web-site for co-operation activities of ERYICA, Eurodesk and EYCA
    Find more about the European Seminars organised in 2005 and 2006 by the three networks: "Quality Matters in Informing Young Peope" (Paris, 2005) and "Participation of Young People in Youth Information Work" (Vienna, 2006)
    http://www.eryica-eurodesk-eyca.net/

    Study on the condition of youth and on youth policies in Europe
    The study covered 18 western European countries, although central and Eastern European countries can also been sorted according to the models presented. Ordered by the European Commission and carried out by the Italian research institute IARD in January 2001.
    http://ec.europa.eu/youth/archive/doc/studies/iard/iard_en.html
    You can download the study in pdf format from:
    http://ec.europa.eu/youth/archive/doc/studies/iard/summaries_en.pdf

    The United Nations concept of "youth"
    The United Nations General Assembly defined "youth", as those persons falling between the ages of 15 and 24 years inclusive. This definition was made for International Youth Year, held around the world in 1985.
    http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/qanda.htm
    Ten Steps to national youth policy formulation:
    http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/nationalpolicy.htm

    United Nations - Youth Unit
    http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/index.html

    White Paper on Youth
    The White Paper on European Youth Policies is going to be an important document coming to the future of young people in Europe. It will be launched in November 2001, after a one and half year long process involving young people, experts in the youth-field, national authorities and NGOs in the member States and beyond.
    http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/doc26_en.htm

    What has happened since the launch of the White paper?
    Here you can find all relevant documents and information on events and other happenings of how the procedure has continued so far.
    http://ec.europa.eu/youth/archive/whitepaper/index_en.html

    Youth Information Participation. Working together. Youth participation: a mission and a method for youth information work. Brussels 2-5 November 2000. Work book based on the results of the "Working Together conference" by the Eryica Steering Group Working Together. You can download it in PDF format from here.

    Youth policy models
    The structures responsible for youth policies, the terminology used and the basic concepts vary enormously from country to country. There are two main models: the centralising model, in countries that have a youth ministry or another designated ministry that is responsible for youth; and the local based model where youth issues are spread over several ministries.
    http://www.infoyouth.org/UDIP/GB/GB_2_0_org_gouv.htm

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